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Do you know that people celebrate World Chocolate Day? It takes place every year on 7 July. We cannot imagine our life without chocolate. We eat chocolate sweets, and we drink hot and cold chocolate drinks. The chocolate we eat today is made from a lot of different ingredients, but the most important one is cacao beans.

The story of cacao beans and their long journey to shops and supermarkets all over the world started hundreds of years ago in Mexico. Cacao trees can grow in places where the temperature is high and it is rainy and they originally grew in the Yucatan Peninsula.

The Maya were the first people to use cacao beans. They picked cacao beans from wild trees and cleared land to grow their own trees. They made a drink from cacao beans but without sugar. Their drink was bitter. The Maya also used the beans to buy other goods from other American Indian tribes. The Maya also used cacao beans for religious ceremonies.

The Mayan people travelled north and introduced cacao beans to the Aztec people. Soon cacao beans were part of lives of different peoples. The Aztecs could not grow cacao trees because of the dry climate. When the Aztecs conquered the Maya, they asked for cacao beans as a tribute. The Aztecs mixed cacao beans with vanilla or chili peppers.

Later people started to grow cacao trees in different countries. For example, Ecuador was for a long time the world’s number-one producer of cocoa beans. It is still one of the top ten producers of the beans, but nowadays more than 70 per cent of cocoa beans come from West Africa.

A.  Choose the TRUE sentence.

1)  People celebrate World Chocolate Day in autumn.

2)  People use chocolate in different ways.

3)  People need only cacao bean to make chocolate.

B.  Cacao trees can grow in places where it is …

1)  hot and wet.

2)  hot and dry.

3)  wet and cold.

C.  The Maya did not use cacao beans …

1)  to make drinks.

2)  as money.

3)  with sugar.

D.  The Maya brought cacao beans to …

1)  the Aztecs.

2)  Ecuador.

3)  West Africa.

E.  What did the Aztecs do?

1)  They grew a lot of cacao trees.

2)  They brought cacao trees to Ecuador.

3)  They added other things to cacao beans.

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Про­чи­тай­те текст. Для каж­до­го пред­ло­же­ния А − Е вы­бе­ри­те один пра­виль­ный ва­ри­ант от­ве­та из трёх пред­ло­жен­ных (1, 2 или 3).

Emperor penguins are wonderful birds. They live in a very cold place. Emperor penguins spend their lives on Antarctic ice and in its waters. They have got wings but cannot fly.

Emperors are the biggest penguins, and the largest of all birds. They are about 120 cm tall (about the height of a six-year-old child) and weigh about 40 kg. But scientists think that 37 million years ago there were penguins that were 2 metres tall and weighed as much as 115 kg.

Male and female penguins take turns sitting on the eggs and taking care of the babies. Female penguins (mother penguins) lay eggs and leave. Male penguins (father penguins) cover their eggs with their bodies and keep them warm. The males stand, for about 65 days, through icy temperatures, strong winds, and storms.

Finally, after about two months, the females return from the sea, bringing food to give it to their babies. The males leave to catch fish to eat, and the mothers take care of the babies for some time.

As young penguins grow, their parents leave them. Young penguins stay in groups of babies and their parents leave to fish. There are always some big penguins to look after them. By December the Antarctic weather warms the ice where young penguins live. The ice begins to break up, and it brings open waters closer to the places where the young penguins are. Now the young penguins are old enough and they can get their own food.

A.  Emperor penguins weigh ...

1)  more than a hundred kilograms.

2)  less than thirteen kilograms.

3)  about fourty kilograms.

B.  Scientists believe that in the past penguins were ...

1)  as big as penguins today.

2)  bigger than penguins today.

3)  smaller than penguins today.

C.  Choose the TRUE sentence.

1)  Only mother penguins keep their eggs warm.

2)  Only father penguins keep their eggs warm.

3)  Both male and female penguins keep their eggs warm.

D.  Mother penguins ...

1)  do not bring food to their babies.

2)  bring food to give it to the father penguins.

3)  feed their babies.

E.  Young penguins can get their own food in December because ...

1)  there are open waters close to them.

2)  the ice is strong.

3)  there are no big penguins to take care of the little ones.

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Про­чи­тай­те текст. Для каж­до­го пред­ло­же­ния А − Е вы­бе­ри­те один пра­виль­ный ва­ри­ант от­ве­та из трёх пред­ло­жен­ных (1, 2 или 3).

Zebras are interesting animals. They live only in Africa, in different countries on this continent. Like wild horses, zebras live in groups. Big cats, such as lions or leopards hunt zebras. When big cats attack, zebras make a circle and try to fight them off.

Scientists don’t know why zebras have stripes, but they believe their stripes protect zebras from enemies. Some scientists think the stripes keep insects away. Nobody knows for sure, but there are no two zebras that have the same stripes.

People often wonder if zebras are black with white stripes or white with black stripes. Most scientists think zebras are black with white stripes because their skin is dark under the fur.

Zebras stand up when they sleep because big cats can attack them any time and they have little time to run away. They sleep only when they are in a large group in order to feel protected. Zebras sleep for seven hours a day.

In zoos zebras eat different kinds of fruit such as apples, oranges, bananas, pears, grapes, plums, peaches, strawberries, cherries, vegetables for example carrots and other things. In the wild, they can eat grass, small trees and sometimes berries.

In the wild, they can live up to 20 years and about 40 years in a zoo. A zebra can run as fast as 65 kilometres per hour.

At the end of November and at the beginning of December, zebras go to the north. It takes them two months to reach the places where they spend winter.

A.  Zebras live ...

1)  only on one continent.

2)  only in one country.

3)  in different countries on different continents.

B.  Scientists believe that ...

1)  stripes do not protect zebras from lions.

2)  stripes can protect zebras from insects.

3)  zebras have white skin.

C.  Zebras stand up when they sleep because ...

1)  they are afraid of lions.

2)  they are in a group.

3)  they have no time to sleep.

D.  In the wild zebras eat ...

1)  only grass.

2)  many different kinds of fruit and vegetables.

3)  different things.

E.  In zoos zebras live ...

1)   longer than in the wild.

2)    shorter than in the wild.

3)   as long as in the wild.

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Про­чи­тай­те текст. Для каж­до­го пред­ло­же­ния А − Е вы­бе­ри­те один пра­виль­ный ва­ри­ант от­ве­та из трёх пред­ло­жен­ных (1, 2 или 3).

Black bears live in North America, including northern Mexico. They live in forests and in the mountains.

Black bears are good tree climbers. They sleep in trees during the summer. Black bears can be blue-grey or blue-black, brown, or even sometimes white. Black bears are good swimmers.

They eat different food: berries and fish, meat and insects because they must collect as much body fat as possible before winter. They can smell food from far away. Black bears are smaller than brown bears, they are often called grizzlies. Black bears are usually afraid of people. If they lose their fear of people, they sometimes attack. That’s why people should never feed a bear.

In late November and early December, black bears go to their dens (hidden homes) to spend the winter sleeping. Their body temperature and heart rate are low. Their bodies use the body fat they have collected during the summer and autumn. This way, they don’t have to leave their dens and hunt for food when the weather is cold.

Male black bears leave their dens around mid-March, but females stay a little longer. That’s because they give birth in January and want to give their babies time to grow bigger. Black bears are good mums. They feed, dry and protect their babies.

Black bear babies stay with mums from one to three years while they teach their babies how to live in the wild. Then, when they’re ready, they start to live in the woods alone  — until they start a family of their own.

A.  Black bears live in ...

1)  many parts of North America.

2)  in the south of Mexico.

3)  only in forests.

B.  Black bears DO NOT ...

1)  sleep in trees in winter.

2)  climb trees.

3)  swim well.

C.  Black bears eat different food because ...

1)  they swim in cold water.

2)  they are bigger than brown bears.

3)  they must prepare for winter.

D.  In winter black bears ...

1)  don’t leave their hidden homes.

2)  hunt for food.

3)  have a high body temperature.

E.  Black bear babies are born in ...

1)  in spring.

2)  in winter.

3)  in summer.

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Про­чи­тай­те текст. Для каж­до­го пред­ло­же­ния А − Е вы­бе­ри­те один пра­виль­ный ва­ри­ант от­ве­та из трёх пред­ло­жен­ных (1, 2 или 3).

Zebras are interesting animals. They live only in Africa, in different countries on this continent. Like wild horses, zebras live in groups. Big cats, such as lions or leopards hunt zebras. When big cats attack, zebras make a circle and try to fight them off.

Scientists don’t know why zebras have stripes, but they believe their stripes protect zebras from enemies. Some scientists think the stripes keep insects away. Nobody knows for sure, but there are no two zebras that have the same stripes.

People often wonder if zebras are black with white stripes or white with black stripes. Most scientists think zebras are black with white stripes because their skin is dark under the fur.

Zebras stand up when they sleeps because big cats can attack them any time and they have little time to run away. They sleep only when they are in a large group in order to feel protected. Zebras sleep for seven hours a day.

In zoos zebras eat different kinds of fruit such as apples, oranges, bananas, pears, grapes, plums, peaches, strawberries, cherries, vegetables for example carrots and other things. In the wild, they can eat grass, small trees and sometimes berries.

In the wild, they can live up to 20 years and about 40 years in a zoo. A zebra can run as fast as 65 kilometres per hour.

At the end of November and at the beginning of December, zebras go to the north. It takes them two months to reach the places where they spend winter.

A.  Zebras live ...

1)  only on one continent.

2)  only in one country.

3)  in different countries on different continents.

B.  Scientists believe that ...

1)  stripes do not protect zebras from lions.

2)  stripes can protect zebras from insects.

3)  zebras have white skin.

C.  Zebras stand up when they sleep because ...

1)  they are afraid of lions.

2)  they are in a group.

3)  they have no time to sleep.

D.  In the wild zebras eat ...

1)  only grass.

2)  many different kinds of fruit and vegetables.

3)  different things.

E.  In zoos zebras live ...

1)  longer than in the wild.

2)  shorter than in the wild.

3)  as long as in the wild.

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